Karin Wanderer Learns

Ink

What Is Line Art?

Line art, as the name might hint, is art that is focused on lines. I know what you’re thinking; “isn’t lots of art focused on lines?” and, yes, you do have a point. Lines are one of the seven elements of art, along with shape, texture, form, space, color and, & value. Lines are the sort of thing most art & artists focus on, in one way or another. Richard Long has a series of pieces focused on lines, starting with A Line Made By Walking, but it is not line art. This van Gough portrait has a heavy emphasis on lines, but it is not line art. This van Gough portrait has a heavy emphasis on lines, & it is line art. What’s the difference?

Line art of a cactus wren resting in a hole in a saguaro cactus. Is this line art, or line-y art?

Line art is pretty minimalist. It doesn’t have shading or color graduation. In most cases the lines don’t even have any color, they are just black #ink on white paper. The drawing can be exact or abstract. It can be sketchy or a more polished work. As you can see, in spite of only being a line or lines, this form of art can represent a whole spectrum of subjects! It’s not perfectly black & white- even though it often is.

Line art of a boat being tossed about in enormous ocean waves.

When Did It Start?

This sort of depends on who you ask, & how tightly you define line art. I think that the oldest art we have found- rock paintings & engravings fits the description of line art. This means line art is over 45,000 years old! Line art shows up again & again throughout human history. A mandala can be geometric line art. Line art was used in many printed illustrations before photographs, as it translates easily to a carved block of wood such as in sumizuri-e.

Line art of a birch forest. One tree has a heart & initials carved into it.

Who Does It?

Pablo Picasso is famous largely for his paintings. In recent years, however, his amazing line art has become exceedingly popular! Picasso drew each of these pictures with one continuous line, which is called lineography. Prints of his single-line animal drawings are available all over the internet, as much of his work is in the public domain at this point. I’ve talked about Andy Warhol’s printed art at length, but slightly less well-known is a blotted line technique that is a lot of fun! Henri Matisse also did some lovely line pieces. Paul Klee’s Burdened Children has lived rent-free in my head since I first saw it, along with a quote of his; “a line is a dot that went for a walk.”

Minimalist ink drawing: a thicket of reeds growing on the bank of a river.

Why I Love It

Line art is a flexible style that can be just about anything you want it to be. It can be a painstaking, detail-focused work. It can also embrace imperfections like shaky lines. For me, drawing line art is very relaxing. A major challenge I face is falling into a groove & drawing more lines than I initially intended.

Ink line drawing of a tree-lined road cutting through rolling hills under a clear sky. Did this need so many lines? Heck no. Did I enjoy drawing so many lines? Heck yes!

Line Art Exercises

By now you are no doubt vibrating with excitement, abuzz with the very idea of creating your very own line art! Why not? You only need a pen & some paper to get started! Below are 2 easy Line Art exercises you can try:

Blind Contour Drawing

  1. Pick a familiar object: pens, scissors, & coffee mugs are all popular choices.
  2. You need a space larger than your paper so your arm can move freely without knocking into things, especially for this exercise. Clear anything you may bump into out of reach.
  3. Place the object you’ve chosen a few inches away from your paper. You want to be able to look at it without having the paper in your eye line. It can help, if you are a lefty, to put the object slightly to the right (& vice versa) instead of straight ahead of you, so that when you look at the object you are looking away from your drawing hand.
  4. Position your pen near the middle of the paper. This makes it less likely you will draw off the edge by mistake.
  5. Look carefully at the object you have chosen. Without looking at your paper, draw the object. You can use many separate lines, or one continuous line. You can add as much detail as you like.

That’s it! I love drawing these. They always come out so differently than what I’m expecting! The example of blind contour drawing below was made with one continuous line. I thought it would help me stay a little more on track? Maybe it did.

Messy ink drawing of 2 Jagged lines, like how children draw monster teeth, overlapping in different directions over an oval shape. A long, thin oval shape stretches from it on one side. Feast your eyes on this wire mesh strainer, ye mighty, & despair!

Contour Drawing

  1. Pick a familiar object: pens, scissors, & coffee mugs are all popular choices. If you did the Blind Contour Drawing, above, it can be interesting to use the same object for this exercise.
  2. Place the object you’ve chosen a few inches away from your paper.
  3. Look carefully at the object you have chosen.
  4. Draw the object. You can use many separate lines, or one continuous line. You can add as much detail as you like.

Ink drawing of a dented mesh wire kitchen strainer with a long handle. Now feast your eyes on this wire mesh strainer, ye mighty, & despair!

If you try either of these drawing exercises, share it with me or tag me! I’d love to see what you draw on Mastodon, Ko-Fi, or BlueSky!

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I love to draw & paint with #ink! That is not news to regular readers, since this is the fourth article I’ve written on the subject. Lots of different inks are great for lots of different types of art, but my absolute favorite ink is sumi. Again, this is not news to many people, since this is the third article I’ve written about traditional Japanese ink. To find those earlier articles, click #ink. Now, I get to talk about several types of sumi art that I have not had a chance to try (yet!)

Sumizuri-e

Sumizuri-e means ink printed painting. It is a form of woodblock printing using sumi which dates back at least to the 700s. That means it is one of the earliest forms of Japanese printing. The stamp design is painted, then carved from a block of cherry wood. The stamp block is then inked. A sheet of paper is carefully laid atop the inked stamp & pressed with a tool called a baren to transfer the image. Creating this art was a group effort- an artist designed the stamp, a woodcarver created it, & a printer inked the stamp & made the prints. This art style has remained popular for over a millennium, & it is easy to see why. Sumizuri is a minimalist, monochromatic art style that produces strikingly beautiful pieces. Sometimes a stamp is still being used for prints hundreds of years after being carved, as with this piece that was carved in 1698, but printed around 1915.

Woodblock prints with color use a wide range of techniques. Some are relatively simple, such as painting the individual prints with watercolors or colored ink after the sumi dries. Some methods are more complex & are, essentially, early versions of modern color block printing. The Great Wave off Kanagawa, possibly the most famous piece of Japanese art in existence, is an example of this.

Gyotaku

Now we get into the meat of the subject! I do not apologize for that pun! Gyotaku is a portmanteau of gyo, or fish & taku, or stone impression. It is fish printing! Making actual fish into ink stamps! Now people will have to believe you caught a fish “this big”, because you can literally unroll a scroll & show them an impression of the fish in question! I’m not joking- these prints are hung in tackle shops for that exact reason. This method is used for other forms of marine life as well, but fish prints were the majority of what I found by far. Fish stamps render beautiful amounts of detail. I had expected just a black fish shape when I first read about them, almost a silhouette, but that is not the case! Look at this print, for example. Aren’t the scales gorgeous? In the most basic form of gyotaku, the print is left black & white, with the eyes painted in after the print dries. This is the form most often used to keep records by people who fish. Other forms get more artsy. Some add colored ink directly to the fish, while others print in sumi & then add color after. Many places online claim you can still eat the fish after printing if you use plain sumi. Some fishing services that offer sumi prints will filet your fish while taking care to keep one side intact. They then lay the intact side over a basket or some other type of frame so that the fish holds its proper shape while printing, but the rest of the meat doesn’t touch ink. My sumi ink does not indicate it is food-safe anywhere on the packaging, & let me just remind you that the main ingredient is soot, so let the buyer beware!

Oh No, I Did It Again

Say it with me now; “Karin got distracted geeking out about art & now she needs at least one more week to finish talking about the subject at hand.” Woah, you all managed to say that in perfect unison. It was impressive, & a bit creepy. Well done! Have you tried any of these kinds of sumi art? Will you? Let me know on Mastodon or Ko-Fi!

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  • All pictures posted are my own work.
  • All reviews are my own unpaid & unsolicited opinions.

Hello & Hello Again!

This is part of an ongoing series of articles about #ink. If you would like to know more about ink in general, read this. Sumi is my personal favorite ink. If you would like to know more about this traditional Japanese ink, read that. If you would like to know more about many different ways sumi is used in art, read on!

What is Sumi-e?

In Japanese, sumi means black ink & e means painting. It can be confusing to figure out exactly where the line is between “sumi-e” & “art someone made using sumi.” Some people don’t think there is a line at all; they use sumi-e as a collective term for all sumi-based art. Some insist that it is only sumi-e if it is painted using only ink, featuring only a very few traditional subjects (e.g.– mountains, bamboo), AND only painted on rice paper. Many people fall somewhere in the middle. Outside of the rigorous purists, a general description of sumi-e might read as follows: It can be just sumi, but some forms of sumi-e incorporate watercolor paint or colored inks. It is often but not always painted on rice paper.

Sumi ink painting of plum branches with several blossoms & a bud. Sumi on watercolor paper

Ink Wash

Ink wash painting was brought to Japan by Zen Buddist monks. This is the type of sumi-e most people are familiar with: stylized landscapes rendered in greyscale created with diluted black ink. Have you seen Disney’s animated movie Mulan? The opening is an animated example of the ink wash style. (Note: As Mulan takes place in China, it is likely that the opening is not depicting sumi. It is more likely meant to be India ink, which was invented in China.) Some ink wash artists put an emphasis on minimalism, while others do not.

Sometimes the ink wash landscape is paired with writing such as poetry, a riddle, or philosophy. This is called shigajiku. The results can be quite striking! I kept getting distracted while writing this because I wanted to track down translations of practically every one I saw.

Watercolor & Ink painting of a rocky little pocket beach. Sumi & white ink on watercolor paper

Tattoos

Tebori tattoos are inked by hand using sumi. The resulting tattoo is a beautiful greeny- black. Beyond this point tattoos get so complicated so quickly that if you find this topic interesting you should really research it yourself. Have fun!

Oops

I meant to wrap up the sumi series with this article, but I have failed! Can I stop geeking out over pretty paintings & finish talking about sumi? Find out next week; same Karin time, same Karin channel!

Do you like this ink? What did you think? Let me know on Mastodon & Ko-Fi!

Ink painting of many, many cats filling a square sheet of rice paper. The cats are sitting, lounging, sleeping, stretching, waiting... Sumi on rice paper

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  • All pictures posted are my own work.
  • All reviews are my own unpaid & unsolicited opinions.

Last time, on King Ink: I insinuated that I was going to tell you which #ink was best, then left you with a cliffhanger about how ‘the ink an artist works with is a very personal decision.’ I have since gotten hate mail, death threats, & absolutely wild offers of ancient family secrets & firstborn children. “Karin,” you collectively sob, “Please! Don’t leave us in suspense! What is the best ink?!” I will now tell you, if only to stop the steady stream of infants being left at my front door. The best ink is…

Sumi

Why? Because it’s the one I use. I told you, it’s a very personal decision! Sumi is a traditional Japanese ink. How long ago was this tradition established? Well, long enough that the word sumi literally means black ink in Japanese! This undiluted ink is a glorious black, & when diluted it gives a lovely range of grays to play with. It is permanent, with certain types used for tattoos. This ink is preferred by my favorite artist (Stan Sakai) as well as my second favorite artist (me). What makes this ink unlike any other ink? Read on to find out!

Ink painting; Milly the Ghost looms over a graveyard at night. Graves are silhouetted against her, & hands are bursting up from the ground as the dead rise. I painted this with sumi & a single shade of blue watercolor.

Carbon Ink

There are many different kinds of carbon ink. ‘Carbon’ is also often referred to as ‘soot’ or ‘lampblack’. Sumi is a carbon ink. Other carbon inks include India Ink (which actually originated in China). ‘Carbon’ ink is a very literal name for it; the pigment for this ink is made from the soot of burned wood, resin, or oil. Collecting the soot is a painstaking process, & only the first step involved in turning that soot into ink! Ancient recipes for carbon ink involve mixing the soot with water & a binder such as gum arabic, which is also used in watercolors. While many modern ink recipes still use carbon black pigment, their recipes are much more complex. Every carbon ink is different.

Sumi-e of plum blossoms in varying stages of flowering. Plum blossoms are a very popular subject for ink painting, & one of my favorites.

A Word of Warning!

One thing I would like to make clear: sumi is not vegan. Lots of ink isn’t. If this is important to you, always check thoroughly! Check the type of ink, the brand of ink, & the specific color of ink you are purchasing. I started using sumi because my favorite artist does, back before it ever occurred to me that ink wouldn’t be vegan. (While I am not personally vegan, I do prefer to know when I am using something that contains animal products!)

How Is Sumi Made?

Sumi is made from soot (often from pine resin or rapeseed oil) mixed with animal glue (often egg whites or fish skin). Sometimes incense or other ingredients are added, but they are not required. This makes a soft, claylike lump that is kneaded until it is a glossy, uniform black. It is then pressed into molds and left to dry. It can be used immediately once dried, but sumi sticks are believed to improve with age.

Ink painting of a ghost carrying a suitcase moving through a cave full of stalactites & stalagmites. This was painted with sumi & a white gel pen.

Sumi Rumors I Keep Hearing But Can’t Prove… Yet.

  • A 70-year-old stick is “perfect”, which is to say it is nicely aged but not so old it has become crumbly. A crumbly ink stick is not wasted, it can be mixed with new animal glue and re-formed into a new ink stick. The new stick will then need to be re-aged, as it is the animal glue partially decomposing that makes it “nicely aged.”
  • The highest quality sumi is a neutral grey when diluted. High-to-middle quality sumi is often blue-grey when diluted. Low quality is brown in tone.
  • The highest quality of undiluted sumi reflects the least light, both wet & dry.

Ink drawing of a path winding over hills dotted with boulders & evergreen trees. A ghost is pulling a suitcase along the path, & the moon is setting in the distance. This was painted with sumi & white ink.

Is It Always A Stick?

Today, Sumi can be purchased in many forms. The traditional ink stick required you to use a grinding stone to mix the ink with a small amount of water to create the ink. While I do have a few small ink sticks & a stone, most of the ink for my paintings come out of a bottle. (#NotSponsored but I love this ink so I’ll tell you about it anyway!)

Ink painting of a pine forest with the moon setting behind distant hills. This was painted with the sumi linked above & white gouache.

Books About Sumi & Ink Painting

(#NotSponsored but I love books so I’ll tell you about them anyway!)

  • Sumi-e by Shozo Sato

  • Japanese Ink Painting by Ryukyu Saito

  • The Art and Technique of Sumi-e by Kay Morrissey Thompson

  • Special Subjects: Beginning Chinese Brush by Monika Cilmi

  • The Spirit of the Brush by Sungsook Hong Setton

  • Art of Chinese Brush Painting by Caroline Self & Susan Self

A half-finished ink painting of Miyamoto Usagi on rice paper. Usagi's face & shoulders are completed, his eyes are closed. Sumi-e

Oh no, this is getting way too long! This was supposed to be a short piece about my favorite ink! I guess this is Sumi: Part 1, tune in for Part 2 when I will talk about different styles of ink painting, as well as sumi artists whose work I admire. Have you used this ink? What did you think? Let me know on Mastodon & Ko-Fi!

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  • All pictures posted are my own work.
  • All reviews are my own unpaid & unsolicited opinions.

It’s Inktober!

Inktober is an art challenge with daily prompts for every day in October. The goal is to encourage people to post one #ink drawing every day! Every October all of social media gets flooded with #Inktober drawings & paintings. There is also a version that lasts all year – #Inktober52 – with a different prompt each week. Don’t like the official prompts? That’s OK, there are dozens if not hundreds of unofficial #Inktober lists out there! I have been sharing my art online for just over a year, so Inktober is the only annual art challenge I’ve had a chance to participate in more than once. I realized today that I haven’t ever looked into the history of ink, so I’m going to tumble down this rabbit hole & I’m taking you all with me.

Micron pen drawing of Miyamoto Usagi looking determined. Micron Pen Ink

What Is Ink? When Did Ink Start?

Writing is a concept that has fascinated humans. Around age three most children start to understand the distinction between writing & drawing. Children who have not yet learned to write will often make scribbles lined up horizontally or vertically, with left or right alignment, according to whatever style of text they have been exposed to the most. Is it any wonder that a medium that we invented to write with should be equally fascinating?

Ink has existed for at least 4,500 years. People in China & Egypt are both credited with discovering ink at the same time. This is called Simultaneous Invention, & it happened with the wheel, too. I have to say ink is “at least” 4,500 years old because there is some debate over when people started using ‘ink’ as opposed to ‘paint’. The debate rages on in large part because of a simultaneous debate over where the line is drawn between what is ink & what is paint.

Sumi ink painting of plum branches with several blossoms & a bud. Sumi Ink depicting the Plum Tree, a very popular sumi-e subject.

What Makes It Ink, Not Paint?

There are many different kinds of ink, & many kinds of paint. Sometimes the only difference is that you use paint to cover a wall, & ink to write a letter. Most of the differences can only be discussed as generalities. Paint is usually more lightfast, whereas ink is generally a “fugitive” pigment unless it is designed to be long-lasting. Ink generally has the consistency of water, while paint is often thicker. Paint often changes the texture of any surface it covers, but ink usually doesn’t. Natural inks mostly come in blacks & browns, whereas natural paints come in a rainbow of colors. In short: you could apply most ink with a paintbrush, but most paint could not be applied with a fountain pen. This is because inks are made with very small pigment particles that dissolve easily, while paints often use larger particles that may dry with a slightly grainy look.

Minimalist sumi-e of cat sitting, facing away & looking back at you. Sumi Ink depicting a cat, a very popular subject in every form of art.

There Are Many Many Many Types Of Ink

The earliest inks got their color from a variety of natural materials. Egyptians used inks to write on papyrus. Those inks were made of ingredients such as ochers, which are also the colorants used in some of the earliest paints. Many inks, such as India Ink (which is actually Chinese) & Sumi (Japanese), are colored by soot. Whether the ink is a cool black or a warm black depends on what is burned to produce the soot & what the soot is mixed with to make it into ink. There was also cephalopod ink which dries to a shade of brown called ‘sepia’, because of the Latin name for the cuttlefish: sepia officinalis. Other inks were made from chemical precipitation formed from ingredients like oak galls & iron sulfate. I have made inks from crushed berries & vinegar (pretty successfully) & walnut shells (pretty unsuccessfully). Dyes that work with synthetic inks were discovered by a chemist named William Henry Perkins while he was trying to cure malaria, & now ink comes in any color you like. Even today, though, many inks are made with animal-based glue & other non-vegan ingredients, so if this is important to you it is something you must be very careful about!

Ink painting of Calvin. He squeezes his eyes shut, flings his arms out,  throws his head back & shouts "HAVEN'T I SUFFERED ENOUGH? WHERE WILL IT ALL END?!?

Which Ink Is Best?

Some artists remain devoted to one type of ink, or have different types designated for different jobs. Some artists have a more free-for-all approach. Bill Watterson, of Calvin & Hobbes fame, uses India ink & watercolors. Stan Sakai, creator of Usagi Yojimbo, uses Sumi & watercolors. Suisen Nakatani, a kokotsu-bun specialist, also works in Sumi. Alphonso Dunn uses an impressive array of inks & pens with his watercolors. Cheriue Ka-wai Cheuk is an expert in the gongbi painting style, which is specific about all the tools an artist uses. The ink an artist works with is a very personal decision.

Sumi ink painting of Miyamoto Usagi sitting & drinking tea. I work with Sumi because I, personally, am a shameless Sakai fangirl.

What’s your favorite kind of ink? Are you participating in #Inktober? Let me know on Mastodon & Ko-Fi!

Buy my art on mugs, notebooks, & vinyl stickers in my Shop!

Join us for #KWPrompts, a biweekly art challenge!

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  • All pictures posted are my own work.
  • All reviews are my own unpaid & unsolicited opinions.